Python strptime()

Python strptime()

In diesem Artikel lernen Sie, wie Sie aus einer Zeichenkette ein datetime-Objekt erstellen (mit Hilfe von Beispielen).

 

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Die strptime() Methode erzeugt ein datetime-Objekt aus der angegebenen Zeichenkette.

 

 

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Beispiel 1: string to datetime object

 

from datetime import datetime

date_string = "21 June, 2021"

print("date_string =", date_string)
print("type of date_string =", type(date_string))

date_object = datetime.strptime(date_string, "%d %B, %Y")

print("date_object =", date_object)
print("type of date_object =", type(date_object))

 

Wenn Sie das Programm ausführen, wird die Ausgabe sein:

date_string = 21 June, 2021
type of date_string = <class 'str'>
date_object = 2021-06-21 00:00:00
type of date_object = <class 'datetime.datetime'>

 

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How strptime() works?

 

The strptime() Klassenmethode nimmt zwei Argumente entgegen:

 

• string (die in datetime konvertiert werden)
• format code

 

Basierend auf der verwendeten Zeichenkette und dem Formatcode gibt die Methode ihr Äquivalent zurück datetime object.

Im obigen Beispiel:

 

Hier,

 

• %d – Stellt den Tag des Monats dar. Example: 01, 02, …, 31
• %B – Name des Monats in voller Länge. Example: January, February etc.
• %Y – Jahr in vier Ziffern. Example: 2018, 2019 etc.

 

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Beispiel 2: string to datetime object

 

from datetime import datetime

dt_string = "12/11/2018 09:15:32"

# Considering date is in dd/mm/yyyy format
dt_object1 = datetime.strptime(dt_string, "%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S")
print("dt_object1 =", dt_object1)

# Considering date is in mm/dd/yyyy format
dt_object2 = datetime.strptime(dt_string, "%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S")
print("dt_object2 =", dt_object2)

 

Wenn Sie das Programm ausführen, wird die Ausgabe sein:

dt_object1 = 2018-11-12 09:15:32
dt_object2 = 2018-12-11 09:15:32

 

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Format Code List

 

Die folgende Tabelle zeigt alle Format codes, die Sie verwenden können.

 

Directive	Meaning	Example
%a	Abbreviated weekday name.	Sun, Mon, …
%A	Full weekday name.	Sunday, Monday, …
%w	Weekday as a decimal number.	0, 1, …, 6
%d	Day of the month as a zero-padded decimal.	01, 02, …, 31
%-d	Day of the month as a decimal number.	1, 2, …, 30
%b	Abbreviated month name.	Jan, Feb, …, Dec
%B	Full month name.	January, February, …
%m	Month as a zero-padded decimal number.	01, 02, …, 12
%-m	Month as a decimal number.	1, 2, …, 12
%y	Year without century as a zero-padded decimal number.	00, 01, …, 99
%-y	Year without century as a decimal number.	0, 1, …, 99
%Y	Year with century as a decimal number.	2013, 2019 etc.
%H	Hour (24-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number.	00, 01, …, 23
%-H	Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number.	0, 1, …, 23
%I	Hour (12-hour clock) as a zero-padded decimal number.	01, 02, …, 12
%-I	Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number.	1, 2, … 12
%p	Locale’s AM or PM.	AM, PM
%M	Minute as a zero-padded decimal number.	00, 01, …, 59
%-M	Minute as a decimal number.	0, 1, …, 59
%S	Second as a zero-padded decimal number.	00, 01, …, 59
%-S	Second as a decimal number.	0, 1, …, 59
%f	Microsecond as a decimal number, zero-padded on the left.	000000 – 999999
%z	UTC offset in the form +HHMM or -HHMM.
%Z	Time zone name.
%j	Day of the year as a zero-padded decimal number.	001, 002, …, 366
%-j	Day of the year as a decimal number.	1, 2, …, 366
%U	Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week). All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.	00, 01, …, 53
%W	Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week). All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.	00, 01, …, 53
%c	Locale’s appropriate date and time representation.	Mon Sep 30 07:06:05 2013
%x	Locale’s appropriate date representation.	09/30/13
%X	Locale’s appropriate time representation.	07:06:05
%%	A literal ‘%’ character.	%

 

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ValueError in strptime()

 

Wenn die Zeichenkette (erstes Argument) und der Format code (zweites Argument), die an die Funktion strptime() nicht übereinstimmt, erhalten Sie ValueError. Zum Beispiel:

 

from datetime import datetime

date_string = "12/11/2018"
date_object = datetime.strptime(date_string, "%d %m %Y")

print("date_object =", date_object)

 

Wenn Sie dieses Programm ausführen, erhalten Sie einen Fehler.

ValueError: time data '12/11/2018' does not match format '%d %m %Y'

 

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